新视野大学英语4课文翻译。新视野大学英语复习资料

Ⅰ. Vocabulary (词汇：选择一个合适的词语并以适当形式填入相应的句子中，每个词只能使用一次)

1. This controversial book was both praised and criticized, but whether it was read by artists I leave to further research.

5. The melting of the polar icecaps and the ensuing rise in the sea level are only the most commonly _ awkward

effects of climate change.

2. A research team has found that increased _ exposure _______ to sunlight may decrease the risk of breast cancer.

3. I don’t think it __ advisable _____ that Tim be assigned the job since he has no experience.

4. People heave been mobilized to build defenses and drain flooded land as heavy rains continue to fall.

II. Cloze (完形填空：每题选择一个最佳选项)

Age sixty is usually considered that the B1 line between middle and old age. It is the time where you are B2 an elderly, meaning somewhat old or advanced beyond middle age. Period of decline comes partly from C3 and partly psychological factors. The physical cause of decline is a change in the body cells due to the effects of the aging process. The psychological cause of decline has something C4 unfavorable attitudes toward oneself, other people, work and life in general. Senility(衰老) , a more or less complete physical breakdown, will take place when there is mental disorganization. The individual becomes careless, absent-minded, socially withdrawn, and D5 adjusted.

Due to the unfavorable social attitudes toward the elderly, treatment toward them in America, D6 other cultures, make them feel no longer useful and unwanted. People who come from countries where respect the elderly is customary usually treat elder people with more A7 and respect.

In fact, old people are a treasure of experience to society. It is expected that old people will play an increasingly active B8 in social and community affairs. Because of the reduction in the numbers of roles the elderly are able to play, it is very likely that they will develop a feeling of C9 . It is our duty to make them better realize their value and help them lead a life of comfort.

1. A. changing B. dividing C. surprising D. combing

2. A. referred B. considered C. adapted D. praised

3. A. mental B. chemical C. physical D. medical

4. A. to meet with B. to start with C. to do with D. to deal with

5. A. successfully B. essentially C. promptly D. poorly

6. A. dislike B. alike C. liking D. unlike

7. A. consideration B. convention C. contribution D. imagination

8. A. effect B. role C. impact D. affect

9. A. superior B. superiority C. inferiority D. inferior

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解：每题选择一个最佳选项)

Passage 2

For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that there is something called human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various views about what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists -- that is to say, that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.

More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in common something that can be called "human nature." The historical approach was reinforced, particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology. The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, and thoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of human nature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society, scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness as innate human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to "human nature" in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.

Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable. Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.

1. The traditional view of "human nature" was strongly challenged by__ B ___.

A. the emergence of the evolutionary theory B. the historical approach to man

C. new insight into human behavior D. the philosophical analysis of slavery

2. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings__ B ___ .

A. are born with diverse cultures B. are born without a fixed nature

C. have some traits in common D. change their characters as they grow up

3. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to___ B __ .

A. emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of "human nature"

B. show that the concept of "human nature" was used to justify social evils

C. prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of "human nature"

D. support the idea that some human traits are acquired

4. The word " skepticism " (Line 1) in the last paragraph of the passage most probably means__ D ___.

A. pessimism B. imagination C. optimism D. suspicion

5. Most philosophers believed that human nature D .

A. consists of competitiveness and selfishness

B. is something partly innate and partly acquired

C. consists of rationality and undesirable behavior

D. is the quality distinguishing man from other animals

Passage 3

Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. But these are not their only use. They give us valuable practice in making eyes, brain and muscles work together. In tennis, our eyes see the ball coming, judge its speed and direction and pass this information on to the brain. The brain then has to decide what to do, and to send its orders to the muscles of the arms, legs, and so on, so that the ball is met and hit back where it ought to go. All this must happen with very great speed, and only those who have had a lot of practice at tennis can carry out this complicated chain of events successfully. For those who work with their brains most of the day, the practice of such skills is especially useful.

Sports and games are also very useful for character training. In their lessons at school, boys and girls may learn about such virtues as unselfishness, courage, discipline and love of one's country; but what is learned in books cannot have the same deep effect on a child's character as what is learned by experience. The ordinary day-school cannot give much practical training in living, because most of the pupil's time is spent in classes, studying lessons. So it is what the pupils do in their spare time that really prepares them to take their place in society as citizens when they grow up. If each of them learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will later find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.

1. When we play tennis we have to ____ B _____.

A. use, first, our eyes, then the brain and finally the muscles

B. make our eyes, brain and muscles work almost at the same time

C. use mainly the arms and legs to hit

D. use mainly the muscles so that the ball is met and hit back

2. The "complicated chain of events" refers to _____ C ____.

A. the passing of information and making of decisions

B. the meeting and hitting back of the ball

C. the coordinated(协调的) movements of our eyes, brain and muscles

D. a lot of practice before playing tennis

3. By character-training, the author means that sports and games can help children ___ C ______.

A. live a better life when they grow up

B. understand better the virtues they learn in books

C. know better how to behave properly in their future life

D. All of the above

4. According to the author, a child's character can be most deeply influenced by ____ A _____.

A. what he does out of class B. what he learns in books

C. his place in society D. his lessons at school

5. What is of the greatest importance to a football team is B .

A. its members B. its team work

C. the football field D. the climate

Ⅳ. Translation (翻译)

1. 这所学校把为学生做好人生准备当作其职责，办法是倡导一整套能使所有学生受益的道德标准。

This school sees itself as preparing kids for a way of life, by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids.

2. 对于一个想找工作的学生来说，有没有硕士学位的确很有影响。

As a student hunting for a job, whether having a master degree or not really makes a great difference on them.

3. 现在需要面对的事情是如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。

The present thing to reckon with is how to collect the funds needed to build the firm.

Ⅴ.Writing (写作)

The earthquake is common and dangerous, and what can we do and how to prepare for it.

请用英语词句列举有关地震的预防措施（至少三点）

1. to build strong building structure to withstand the power of earthquake;

2. prepare daily suppliers, such as water, food, warm clothing and so on;

3. arrange earthquake emergency plans and communicate the family members;