cigarette。《柳叶刀-呼吸病学》（The Lancet Respiratory Medicine）2018年曾发布“2003-2013年中国吸烟流行趋势及其对慢性病的影响”调查报告，结果显示，中国的吸烟率在这十年间没有明显下降，而且青少年烟民的比例大幅上升。
烟草流行目前是中国所面临的最为严峻与亟待解决的公共卫生问题之一。2015年，中国烟民数量已达3.16亿，吸烟者总数位列世界第一，同时青少年吸烟者总数亦位列世界首位。在2020年5月31日第33个世界无烟日到来之际，中国疾病预防控制中心发布了2019年中国中学生烟草调查结果，初中学生卷烟使用率明显下降，电子烟使用率显著上升，职业学校控烟工作值得关注。
An article describing smoking trends and associations with chronic disease prevalence in China was published in 2018 on the Lancet Respiratory Medicine. The study analyzed data collected from serial cross-sectional National Health Service surveys carried out in 2003, 2008, and 2013. The authors identified “several other social factors might contribute to the increasing smoking prevalence in adolescents in China.” An effective policy against tobacco requires a strong consideration of these factors.
电子烟可减少危害？
电子烟戒烟成功率是传统手段的两倍？
这是真的吗？
先来了解传统香烟和电子烟的原理
传统香烟靠燃烧烟叶产生烟雾，被人吸食后，通过肺部进入血液。
First, let’s find out more about electronic cigarettes.
Are they really so different to traditional cigarettes?
电子烟中的有害物质有
尼古丁：增加心血管疾病风险；
影响生殖系统。
烟焦油：可能导致肺癌；
苯丙比：强致癌物；
放射性元素：引起基因突变；
Harmful materials in electronic cigarettes:
Nicotine: Increased risk of cardiovascular disease and can affect the reproductive system.
Tobacco tar: Can lead to lung cancer.
Styrene acrylic: Strong carcinogens;
Radioactive elements: Can cause gene mutation.
电子烟的原理为
从烟叶中提取出尼古丁；
溶解到丙二醇和甘油中；
做成烟液；
再把烟液灌到电子烟里，加热、雾化，供人吸食。
Principle behind electronic cigarettes
1. Extract the nicotine from the tobacco leaf;
2. Dissolve in propylene alcohol and glycerin;
3. Make smoke fluid;
4. Pour the liquid smoke into electronic cigarettes, heat, atomize, for people to use.
所以，电子烟并不是无害的
只要尼古丁在，就是有害的！
与传统香烟相比，它本质上只是商家的营销策略，换汤不换药而已。
So, the electronic cigarette is not so different from a traditional cigarette.
As long as nicotine is inside, it is harmful!
It’s the marketing strategy which lures us to use electronic cigarettes.
既然导致中学生吸烟的因素仍然广泛存在，政府如何在商家盈利与公共健康二者的博弈中取得有效平衡？
鉴于现有的科学证据，以及并非所有国家都具有所需的监管和监视能力，要达到监管平衡绝非易事。
正如《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》第5.3条指出：烟草业的利益与公共卫生政策之间存 在根本的和无法和解的冲突。并要求：“各缔约方在制定和实施有关烟草控制的公共卫生政策时，应按自身国家法律采取行动，保护这些政策不受烟草业的商业利益和其他既得利益影响”。
Electronic-cigarette smoking is popular among teenagers, so it can be a puzzle for governments to balance the benefits of the lucrative tobacco industry and public health.
In the view of the existing scientific evidence, not all countries have the ability of supervision and monitoring to achieve such a challenging regulatory balance.
The WHO FCTC article 5.3 advises: "parties in formulating and implementing public health policies on tobacco control, should act according to their own national law, protection of these policies is not affected by the tobacco industry's business interests and other vested interests."
决定监管烟类的国家应考虑：
任何监管措施在将市场转向任何特定类型的电子烟产品方面的意外后果；
规范自称为医疗产品或治疗设备的所谓健康电子烟，并通过科学方法验证此类产品的功效后授权其销售许可；
禁止或限制电子烟广告、促销和赞助，规范销售渠道（包括在线销售），并严格执行有关最低购买年龄的法律、不向未成年人售烟的法律仍未得到有效落实。最近一次买烟时没有因为年龄被拒绝的比例，初中、普通高中和职业学校学生分别高达76.5%，87.6%和87.6%。
通过标准化措施最大程度地降低电子烟用户的健康风险。这些措施包括有效规划设备和电子烟组件的制造；电气设备安全法规；排放、电气安全和电子设备的处置。
Consider any regulatory measures in the market and any particular type of unintended consequences in electronic cigarette products;
Standardize electronic cigarettes marketed as health products with medical or therapeutic products, and only authorize their sale after verifying their efficacy on a scientific basis;
Prohibit or restrict electronic cigarette advertising, promotion and sponsorship, standardize the sales channels (including online sales), and strictly enforce the legal minimum purchase age;
Through standardization, reduce the health risks to electronic cigarette users: including via effective manufacturing checks and regulations as well as safe disposal.
